Archive forApril, 2010

The Fox and the Hedgehog (Good to Great)

We recently covered Jim Collins’ book Good to Great, in our business book club.

The tome is responsible for popularizing the hedgehog metaphor, namely that a company should stick to what it’s best at, and not diversify into other sectors where it has no competitive advantage.  (I’ve heard of this kind of diversification being jeered as “deworsification” by irritated investors.  ;)   )

I’d heard that the fox / hedgehog contrast originated from Aesop’s fables…  but when I double-checked, it turns out that Aesop’s fox/hedgehog story was a parable about how when the proletariat overthrow the bourgeoisie, it just leaves a power vacuum for a new and even-more-rapacious aristocracy to move in.  Or at least, that’s how Marxists would put it.  ;)

Turns out the fox-and-hedgehog comparison comes from an even more obscure Greek guy, Archilochus, who said: “the fox knows many things, but the hedgehog knows one big thing”.  That’s about the only thing of his that’s survived.  Who knows — but for selective scribes, equally pithy aphorisms about, say, the hippo and the oxpecker, or the cat and the giraffe, might have inspired future business books!  (Hippos and oxpeckers are symbiotic species, while I chose cats and giraffes arbitrarily.)

Now, the real test as to whether the fox-and-hedgehog parable holds true, is whether there are more foxes in the world, or hedgehogs.  Sadly, I couldn’t find any population numbers in a quick online scan.  Though given how dumb hedgehogs are reputed to be, I’d sort of imagine foxes would be more genetically successful… which would contradict the saying. 

(Mind you, foxes are near-top-of-food-pyramid predators, and there are generally far fewer such predators than any prey species.)

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More backfill…

Further backfill is in the works — clearly, I need to carve out more time to take my mailing list stuff and cobble it into this blog — but I have a new posting here.

Did watch the recent Sens-Pens triple-overtime game from about the second period onwards, which has gone into the record books as the 29th longest NHL game thus far.  I remember watching the Easter Epic back in ‘87 (from the third period on), long before the era of the neutral-zone trap made long overtime games an annual occurrence.  Back then, it had been the fifth-longest game in NHL history.  It was Kelly Hrudey’s 73-save performance that earned him a backup spot on the Canada Cup in the summer of ‘87, and later being traded to the Kings at Wayne Gretzky’s behest.

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Book Club Summary #2 - Managers not MBA’s

Professor Henry Mintzberg’s managerial-education j’accuse was the second book covered in the work book club.  Of all the book club summaries, this one seems to have had the broadest post-book-club readership.

The full title is Managers not MBA’s: A hard look at the soft practice of managing and management development.

As before, if you enjoy the summary, please consider supporting the author by purchasing the book.

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Managers not MBA's 

 Managers not MBA’s - summary

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Lessons from Pixar

(Originally written April 22.  Posted with minor tweaks, April 25.)

Found an interesting article about Pixar, which fit the bill for my occasional team-building mailouts.  Pixar seems to have developed a smoothly-functioning creative process, which churns out excellent (and excellently lucrative) art.  Time of course will tell whether this has become ingrained in Pixar culture, or whether it’s the achievement of charismatic leaders unable to transmit their ethos to their successors.

One of Pixar’s managers, it seems, was interviewed for (or at) a conference put up by The Economist.  There were a couple nice take-aways relating to creative work (my italics).

On managers’ self-destructive tendencies for creative work:

The notion that you’re trying to control the process and prevent error screws things up. We all know the saying it’s better to ask for forgiveness than permission. And everyone knows that, but I think there is a corollary: if everyone is trying to prevent error, it screws things up. It’s better to fix problems than to prevent them. And the natural tendency for managers is to try and prevent error and over plan things.

My personal favourite was this one here:

On the limits of platitudes:

I don’t like hard rules at all. I think they’re all bullshit.

Of course, preventing error in a mere animated project is different from preventing error in the design of objects; even an error in something as mundane as one of Pixar’s McDonald’s toys could cause injury or worse, to young kids.  Still, I think excessive focus on preventing errors could be analogous to a sports team which is great at defence, but has no offence: in the end, in sports, business (and even war, come to think of it) defence can keep you from losing, but you do need some offence to win…

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The article’s author’s book The Myths of Innovation may be covered in the book club.

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Book Club Summary #1 - The Geography of Hope

My employer recently gave me permission to make our book reviews available to the public (once company-specific information was removed), for which I am deeply appreciative.

Here’s the summary for the book club’s first book, The Geography of Hope

If you find the review useful, please consider supporting the author by buying the book.  :)

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The Geography of Hope (cover)

The Geography of Hope - summary

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Yellowknife part 2.

(Originally written April 12; posted Oct 9)

We got to Yellowknife by flying WestJet, an airline for which I have a soft spot.  They were the first stock I made money on, despite my having bought them on September 4th, 2001.  If memory serves, they still netted me a 50% gain within the year; $900 or thereabouts.  (I promptly swore off airline stocks forever thereafter.)  All of which reinforces how ridiculously small retail investors like me are, in the big picture.  Compared to the market sharks and their chums, we fit somewhere in the plankton spectrum.  :)

At the time, WestJet was in an envious competitive position: they were in an industry with high barriers to entry and only one major competitor, Air Canada, which was mired in a doom loop to bankruptcy.  WestJet’s biggest competitive advantage was that they patterned themselves on Southwest Airlines in the US (stock symbol “LUV” – seriously).  As such, they only flew one type of plane – Boeing 737’s – which brought many benefits, perhaps the biggest of which that they only needed to carry one set of spare parts.  With their innumerable plane types, Air Canada had to keep a massive inventory of parts on hand, and train pilots, flight and maintenance crew on an extensive menu of planes.

While our flight was delightful, a quick online check shows that WestJet is facing some headwinds, as even the best companies occasionally do (even the mighty Apple will meet its worm, one day).  But in a potentially-disastrous shift in strategy, the new CEO may abandon the 737-only strategy, eliminating its strongest competitive advantage.

As a result, WestJet may go from poster-child for business book Built to Last… to a fallen prodigy worthy of the trequel, How the Mighty Fall.

__(’Read the rest of this entry »’)

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More backfill…

Recent postings (not necessarily recent writings, mind you) have been placed here and here and here… 

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Gretzky, Howe, Messier… Unger and Brubaker

It occurred to me recently that Garry “Ironman” Unger — who played with the Red Wings in ‘70-’71 and with the Oilers in the early 1980’s, might’ve been the only guy ever to have played in the NHL with Gretzky, Howe and Messier, the three top scorers in the league’s history. 

(Incidentally, Ron Francis, the NHL’s 4th all-time highest scorer, played with Howe in ‘79-’80 in Hartford.  But Marcel Dionne, #5 all-time, only started with the Red Wings in ‘71-’72, the year after Howe retired.)

A quick check online suggests that — there was one other NHL’er to share dressing rooms with Howe, Gretzky and Messier in his NHL career.  And that was a journeyman by the name of:

- Jeff Brubaker  (three games with Howe; four games with the Oilers in ‘85-’86)

 

Looks like there was one near-miss as well:

- Nick Fotiu  (most of ‘79-’80 with Howe; and one game with Edmonton in ‘88-’89, the year after The Trade)

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Sprott and Gold

As an unabashed fan of Sprott Asset Management, and (hilariously small-time) unitholder in their mutual funds, I keep tabs on the writings coming from that gold-hoarding golden horde.  :)

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Here’s the latest from Sprott’s chief gold nut, John Embry.  I agree with the thesis that gold will hit an all-time high (in US dollars) — and probably within the next few months.  It’s been making all-time highs in Euros already.  But once that move starts making it to the front pages of newspapers (or The Economist) then it’s likely to take a year or two to consolidate its gains before eventually moving higher still.  At least, based on “history doesn’t repeat but it rhymes” theory. ;)   The summer months tend to be fairly humdrum.

Gold does well in periods when stocks don’t, and vice versa.  So for gold to continue its decade or so of overperformance, one would expect general stocks not to do so well.  And in the US, that appears very likely.  In the past century, when stocks have been this richly valued, the S&P 500 index has returned a paltry 2% per year, over the subsequent decade.  So this data is consistent with the “gold-is-going-up” thesis.  Of course, there’s some selection bias on my part, in focusing on this supporting data.  ;)

More selection bias comes from the link in this article (the link is titled “Japan - past the point of no return”) which elaborates the troublesome state of Japanese state finances: they took in more money last year from issuing bonds than they collected in taxes; the working-age population is falling even faster than the general population; and only Zimbabwe has a higher gov’t debt-to-GDP ratio. 

To be fair, it’s not all bad news: after the catastrophic misery that drastic cutbacks and higher taxes will cause, the resulting drop in the yen’s value should be of benefit for exporters.  Mind you, that’s about as ridiculous an attempt to be even-handed, as a historian who says “while the Chinese invented paper, in so doing, they invented paper cuts”.

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There was a story in the Globe & Mail the other day about how Sprott has actually *lost* assets under management, as some clients have been unhappy with his portfolio’s underperformance since the recovery in March of last year.  My guess is that successes in most stocks have been overwhelmed by the catastrophic losses in Timminco, a company which was trying to upgrade metallurgical silicon to solar grade.  In the past 2 years it went from from $30 to 82 cents.  [at time of original writing]  At one point Sprott owned 17% of the company, so that 97% loss most definitely weighed on shareholder returns.

From a contrarian perspective, this is interesting, and would be interpreted as meaning he’s due for some outperformance.  Media outlets generally cover streakiness — so a superstar who’s had a good run and gets glowing coverage (e.g. Eric Sprott circa 2008) is likely to have some bad years.  And a fallen titan who gets sympathetic coverage (e.g. Eric Sprott circa 2010) is due for a rebound.  Not that this should be interpreted as investment advice.  :)

Incidentally, he tried to buy some of the 191 tonnes of gold the IMF recently said it would put up for sale… but was rebuffed.  (Admittedly, he may not have been wearing a shirt or shoes…)  There’s a healthy minority who think the IMF only owns gold derivatives, and that Sprott was turned down because he would’ve asked for the bars to be moved to a vault in Toronto.  Maybe he wanted to swim in them, like Scrooge McDuck.  ;)

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In you-can’t-make-this-stuff-up news, a whistleblower who’d sent emails to the US Commodities Futures Trading Commission, claiming JP Morgan Chase and others were manipulating commodities prices for fun and profit, was a victim of a hit-and-run a few days after his name surfaced in testimony.  (Fortunately he was also in a car at the time, and so was uninjured.)  I doubt the financial firms had anything to do with it, but this isn’t doing much for those institutions’ credibility in what I shall euphemistically call the “gold enthusiast” sector.  :)      

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US Green Building Council / LEED newsflash

It’s an odd decision, but I guess it’ll satisfy traditionalists…

LEED-Monument Rollout     (click to… yeah, you know the drill)

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LEED-M slide

 

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